u32

These examples describe the Development language contract. They are not a claim that every workflow is supported by the current public preview. Declaration excerpts belong inside a function unless a full module is shown.

Range and representation

u32 is a fixed-width unsigned integer. Its width does not depend on pointer size.

let Minimum: u32 = 0_u32;
let Maximum: u32 = 4294967295_u32;

Literals and inference

A fitting integer literal can take u32 from context; _u32 selects it explicitly. Unconstrained integer literals default to i32; an explicit suffix removes that ambiguity. Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal integer spellings are available. An out-of-range literal is a compile-time error; even an unsigned literal does not silently wrap.

let Count: u32 = 42;
let Explicit = 42_u32;
let Bits: u32 = 0x2A;
// Rejected: let Outside: u32 = 4294967296;

Arithmetic, bits and failure

Ordinary addition, subtraction and multiplication wrap modulo 2^32. Subtracting one from zero produces 4,294,967,295. Division and remainder operate on nonnegative integers. Unary negation is not a built-in unsigned operation. Division or remainder by zero fatal-traps. .CheckedAdd, .CheckedSub and .CheckedMul return an optional result. +%, -%, *% select wrapping; +|, -|, *| select saturation. Bitwise operations and shifts are supported. Ordinary shift counts must be 0 through 31; right shift zero-fills.

let Maximum: u32 = 4294967295_u32;
let Missing: u32? = Maximum.CheckedAdd(1); // none
let Clamped: u32 = Maximum +| 1; // Maximum
let Wrapped: u32 = Maximum +% 1; // 0
let Bits: u32 = 1_u32 << 2; // 4

Conversions and mixed expressions

Implicit widening stays within the unsigned family. There is no implicit signed/unsigned or integer/float conversion. Explicit as checks the destination range and fatal-traps on failure; as? returns none instead. Narrowing never silently truncates. Binary operations use a common reachable same-family type; compound assignment keeps its left type.

let Value: u32 = 42;
let Wider: u64 = Value; // Exact implicit widening.
let Restored: u32? = Wider as? u32;

See all primitive types and literals and user-defined suffixes.